Catalogue: Alchemy
Mu‘ayyad al-Dīn al-Ṭughrā’ī (d. 1121/515)
The poet and highly-placed administrative secretary in Isfahan, al-Ṭughrā’ī was also a well-known and prolific writer on astrology and alchemy.
His most famous alchemical book was a large treatise incorporating extracts from earlier writers, Mafatiḥ al-rahmah wa-masabih al-ḥikmah, though he composed a considerable number of other treatises on the topic, including Kitāb Haqa'iq al-istishhad, a rebuttal of a refutation of alchemy written by Ibn Sīnā which al-Ṭughrā’ī composed in 1112/505.
NLM possesses a short, otherwise unrecorded, treatise (MS A 65, item 2) titled Miftāḥ al-ḥikmah, possibly related in some way to the larger Mafatiḥ al-rahmah wa-masabih al-ḥikmah.
In MS A 70 there are three extracts, or anonymous summaries, of unspecified alchemical treatises by al-Ṭughrā’ī.
For a list of his alchemical writings, see Ullmann, Natur, pp. 252-3.
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Min kalām al-Ṭughrā’ī (MS A 70, item 11)
- (From the Teaching of al-Ṭughrā’ī)
- من كلام الطغرائى
- by Mu‘ayyad al-Dīn Abū Ismā‘īl al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Ṭughrā’ī (d. 1121/515)
- مؤيد الدين ابو اسماعيل الحسين ابن على الطغرائى
A fragment of an unidentified alchemical writing by al-Ṭughrā’ī.
The alchemical authority Jābir [ibn Ḥayyān] is frequently cited within the extract.
No other copy has been identified.
Arabic. 5 leaves (fol. 33b, line 15-fol. 37b, line 9). Dimensions 21.3 x 16.8 (text area 15 x 10) cm; 20 lines per page. On fol. 33b, line 15, the extract is labelled simply Min kalām al-Ṭughrā’ī (from the teaching of al-Ṭughrā’ī).
The copy is undated and unsigned. The appearance of the paper, ink, and script suggests a date of the 17th or 18th century.
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Nubdhah min qawl al-Ṭughrā’ī (MS A 70, item 16)
- (Extract from the Discourse of al-Ṭughrā’ī)
- نبذة من قول الطغرائى
- by Mu‘ayyad al-Dīn Abū Ismā‘īl al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Ṭughrā’ī (d. 1121/515)
- مؤيد الدين ابو اسماعيل الحسين ابن على الطغرائى
An extract from an unidentified alchemical writing by al-Ṭughrā’ī. Earlier authorities such as Jābir and Khālid ibn Yazīd are cited.
No other copy has been identified.
Arabic. 2 leaves (fol. 47b, line 5-fol. 48b). Dimensions 21.3 x 16.8 (text area 15 x 10) cm; 20 lines per page. On fol. 47b, line 5, it is stated that it is an extract from (nubdhah min) the discourse of al-Ṭughrā’ī (qawl al-Ṭughrā’ī).
The copy is undated and unsigned. The appearance of the paper, ink, and script suggests a date of the 17th or 18th century.
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Tadbīr al-aṭfāl
min Kitāb al-Bayān (MS A 70, item 21)
- (Extract from the Discourse of al-Ṭughrā’ī)
- تدبير الاطفال من كتاب البيان
- anonymous, probably from Abū ‘Alī Yaḥyá ibn ‘Īsá Ibn Jazlah (d. 1100/493)
- ابو على يحيى ابن عيسى ابن جزله
Earlier authorities such as Ostanes and Jābir are cited in this extract from an unidentified alchemical writing by al-Ṭughrā’ī.
No other copy has been identified.
Arabic. 4 leaves (fol. 60a, line 3-fol. 63a). Dimensions 21.3 x 16.8 (text area 15 x 10) cm; 20 lines per page. On fol. 60a, line 4, the text begins qala al-Ṭughrā’ī (al-Ṭughrā’ī said).
The copy is undated and unsigned. The appearance of the paper, ink, and script suggests a date of the 17th or 18th century.
Physical Description
All twenty-seven items in the volume have been transcribed by the same unnamed copyist. Dimensions 21.3 x 16.8 (text area 15 x 10) cm; 20 lines per page.
The copy is undated and unsigned. The appearance of the paper, ink, and script suggests a date of the 17th or 18th century.
The text is written in a small, compact naskh script using black ink with headings and overlinings in red. There are catchwords. On some leaves there are instructions written vertically in the margins to the person who later inserted the rubricated headings; most have been cut off as the edges were trimmed, but on some folios (e.g., 37a, 38a, traces can still be seen).
There are copious marginalia throughout in several hands, with some interlinear notes. A later hand has written the titles of various individual items in the volume in the upper left corners of the recto of some folios. One person adding marginalia to the volume frequently cites the alchemical authority al-Jaldakī.
Fols. 1-40 are composed of a biscuit, fibrous paper having a nearly matte finish, with neither laid lines nor chain lines. Fols. 41-67 are composed of paper dyed a light gray, of structure and finish similar to the first group. The edges have been trimmed from their original size. The volume is damp-stained and soiled through thumbing.
The volume consists of 67 leaves and one loose leaf. Fol. 1a is blank except for some later Turkish poetry and an owner's stamp. The loose leaf is smaller (ca. 18 x 11 cm) and of different paper from the rest of the volume; on it are miscellaneous and very casually written notes. Fols. 1b-12a (item 1) contain Kitāb al-Sirr al-sārr wa-sirr al-asrār by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 1); fols. 12a-13b (item 2) Kitāb Jannāt al-khuld by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 2 ); fols. 13b-20b (item 3) Kitāb al-Raḥmah al-kabīr by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 3); fols. 20b-22a (item 4) Kitāb al-Iḥqāq min sab‘īn [extracts] by al-Rāzī (MS A 70, item 4); fols. 22a-24a (item 5) an untitled treatise attributed to Hirmīs [Hermes Trismegistus] (MS A 70, item 5); fols. 24a-27b (item 6) Kitāb al-Tadābīr by al-Rāzī (MS A 70, item 6); fols. 28a-29a (item 7) Kitāb al-Rāhib by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 7); fols 29a-30b (item 8) Kitāb al-Āthar al-‘ulwīyah by Aristotle (MS A 70, item 8); fols. 30b-31b (item 9) Risālah al-Fahm al-thāqib ilá al-fahm al-murāqib attributed to Plato (MS A 70, item 9); fols. 31b-33b (item 10) Risālah Mufākharat al-aḥjār attributed to Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 10); fols. 33b-37b (item 11) extracts from writings of al-Ṭughrā’ī here catalogued; fols. 38a-38b (item 12) untitled treatise attributed to Agathodaimon (MS A 70, item 12); fols. 39a-41a (item 13) Risālah fī ṣinā‘at al-iksīr by Aḥmad ibn ‘Imād al-Dīn (MS A 70, item 13); fols. 41a-45a (item 14) Risālah fī bayān tafrīq al-adyān wa-tafarru‘ al-‘ibādāt wa-al-diyānāt wa-al-i‘tiqādāt by Zosimos (MS A 70, item 14); fols. 45a-47b (item 15) Kitāb al-Fuṣūl attributed to Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 15); fols. 47b-48b (item 16) extracts from writings of al-Ṭughrā’ī here catalogued; fols. 49a-52b (item 17) untitled risālah attributed to Khālid ibn Yazīd (MS A 70, item 17); fols. 52b-53b (item 18) Kitāb al-Mujarradāt [extracts] attributed to Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 18); fols. 53b-57b (item 19) Masā’il attributed to Khālid ibn Yazīd (MS A 70, item 19); fols. 57b-60a (item 20) Kitāb al-Sirr al-Maknūn by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 20); fols. 60a-63a (item 21) extract (nubdhah) from the writings of al-Ṭughrā’ī here catalogued; fols. 63a-63b (item 22) Aqwāl al-mutaffariqāt, anonymous (MS A 70, item 22); fols. 63b, lines 6-13 (item 23), alchemical note, anonymous (MS A 70, item 23); fols. 63b-64a (item 24) Kitāb al-Mawāzīn [extracts] by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 24); fols. 64a-64b (item 25) Kitāb al-Sirr al-Maknūn [extract] by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 25); fols 64b-67a (item 26) Kitāb al-Aḥjār ‘alá ra’y Balīnās by Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (MS A 70, item 26); and fols. 67a-67b (item 27) untitled treatise attributed to Agathodaimon (MS A 70, item 27).
Binding
The volume is bound in a soft brown-leather binding. On each cover there is a blind-tooled design formed of straight lines. There are no pastedowns or endpapers.
Provenance
On fol. 1b there is an impression of an owner's stamp whose date might be 1123 (= 1711), though the middle numerals are not clear, and the name might be Abū Nūr Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī. On fol. 1a there is an unidentified library stamp.
The volume was purchased in 1941 by the Army Medical Library from A.S. Yahuda (ELS 1701 Med 120).
References
Schullian/Sommer, Cat. of incun. & MSS., entry A 70, p. 320, where says it a collection of 32 alchemical treatises.
NLM Microfilm Reel: FILM 48-126 no. 3
